Salt to ruminants and horses

.................................................................... 3 Introduction............................................................... 3 History.............................................................................. 3 Function of sodium chloride (NaCl) in animal physiology..........4 The function of Sodium (Na)...................................................5 The function of Chloride (Cl)...................................................5 Deficiency...........................................................................5 Excess................................................................................7 Salt feeding................................................................7 Salt in feeds.........................................................................8 Salt in water.........................................................................8 Cattle and Small Ruminants..........................................................10 The function of sodium in the body.............................................10 Effects of sodium..................................................................11 Horses......................................................................13 The function of sodium in the body.............................................13 Balancing sodium loss during exercise..........................................13 Recommendations.......................................................................14 Cattle.................................................................................14 Small Ruminants...................................................................................15 Horses.................................................................................16 In practise..................................................................18 Cattle.................................................................................18 Small Ruminants....................................................................19 Horses.................................................................................19 Discussion..................................................................20 Acknowledgement.........................................................22 References ..................................................................23 Appendix.....................................................................27